Article 1: Restorative outcomes for endodontically treated teeth in the practitioners engaged in applied research and learning network
1. What percentage of the eligible restored teeth was classified as restorative failures three to five years after completion of endodontic therapy? Select answer A. 20.2 percent B. 13.9 percent C. 9.9 percent D. 5.6 percent
2. For the restorations that had been replaced, which one of the following was the most frequently reported reason? Select answer A. tooth fracture B. secondary caries C. primary caries D. restoration mobile or unseated
3. Which one of the following did not increase the risk of restorative failure? Select answer A. endodontic therapy performed by a general practitioner B. patient's Hispanic/Latino ethnicity C. younger patient age D. endodontic therapy performed on a molar
4. Which one of the following placed a tooth at increased risk of restorative failure? Select answer A. full-coverage restoration B. periodontal attachment loss C. one or two proximal contacts D. placement of a metal post
Article 2: The effects of combined oral anticoagulant–aspirin therapy in patients undergoing tooth extractions: a prospective study
1. What was the mean international normalized ratio for patients in group A? Select answer A. 4.12 B. 3.51 C. 2.43 D. 1.97
2. What percentage of patients in group A experienced postoperative bleeding? Select answer A. 9.6 percent B. 7.2 percent C. 5.9 percent D. 4.2 percent
3. How long after surgery were these minor bleeding complications noted? Select answer A. only during the immediate perioperative period B. on the same day as the surgery C. up to one day after surgery D. up to two days after surgery
4. Which one of the following represents the most serious intervention required in this study for achieving hemostasis? Select answer A. compression only B. insertion of oxidized cellulose into and resuturing of the wound C. administration of intravenous vitamin K D. transfusion of plasma
Article 3: Preventing and treating white-spot lesions associated with orthodontic treatment: a survey of general dentists and orthodontists
1. Among general dentists responding to the survey, what was the median percentage of patients reported to have white-spot lesions (WSLs)? Select answer A. 40 percent B. 30 percent C. 20 percent D. 10 percent
2. Which one of the following was recommended for treatment of WSLs by the lowest percentage of general dentists with 10 to 20 years of experience? Select answer A. at-home fluoride rinses B. MI Paste with Recaldent (GC America, Alsip, Ill.) C. microabrasion D. resin-based composite or porcelain veneers
3. Which one of the following was recommended for treatment of WSLs by the highest percentage of orthodontists with up to 10 years of experience? Select answer A. in-office fluoride treatment B. MI Paste with Recaldent C. waiting a few months to allow saliva to remineralize WSLs D. referral to general dentist for treatment
4. Which one of the following was recommended for prevention of WSLs by the highest percentage of all orthodontists responding to the survey? Select answer A. placement of fluoride varnish B. at-home fluoride rinses C. MI Paste with Recaldent D. bonding orthodontic brackets with glass ionomer cement
Article 4: A practitioner's guide to developing critical appraisal skills: observational studies
1. Which one of the following is best described as an outcome, rather than as an exposure? Select answer A. presence of a dental sealant B. living in an area with fluoridated water C. millimeters of periodontal attachment loss D. frequency of dietary sucrose intake
2. Which one of the following types of observational studies provides the weakest form of clinical evidence? Select answer A. cohort studies B. case-control studies C. cross-sectional studies D. case reports
3. In which type of study do investigators start with an outcome and then look for differences in past experiences? Select answer A. cohort studies B. case-control studies C. cross-sectional studies D. case reports
4. Which one of the following best describes a risk factor that would lead to a confounding bias? Select answer A. not associated with the exposure and not causally related to the outcome B. associated with the exposure but not causally related to the outcome C. causally related to the outcome, but not associated with the exposure D. associated with the exposure and causally related to the outcome
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