Article 1: Incidence of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Women With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in the Health Outcomes and Reduced Incidence With Zoledronic Acid Once Yearly Pivotal Fracture Trial 

1. Approximately what proportion of people experiencing hip fractures die within one year of the fracture?
Select answer A. one in 100 B. five in 100 C. one in 10 D. one in five

2. Which one of the following statements about the two participants who had a lesion that met the study’s definition of osteonecrosis of the jaw is correct?
Select answer A. Both developed the lesion after undergoing oral surgery treatment. B. Both experienced complete resolution of the lesion after undergoing treatment. C. Both were in the placebo group. D. Both were in the zoledronic acid group.

3. What was the change in risk of experiencing vertebral fractures over the three years of the study among women who received zoledronic acid?
Select answer A. reduced by 19 percent B. reduced by 30 percent C. reduced by 41 percent D. reduced by 70 percent

4. What was the change in risk of experiencing hip fractures over the three years of the study among women who received zoledronic acid?
Select answer A. reduced by 19 percent B. reduced by 30 percent C. reduced by 41 percent D. reduced by 70 percent

Article 2: The Changing Spectrum of Clostridium difficile–Associated Disease: Implications for Dentistry 

1. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the Clostridium difficile bacillus?
Select answer A. gram-positive B. aerobic C. spore-forming D. toxin-producing

2. Which one of the following correctly describes the change in the rate of C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD) in the United States between 1996 and 2003?
Select answer A. It decreased by about 20 percent. B. It remained relatively unchanged. C. It increased by about 40 percent. D. It nearly doubled.

3. Approximately what percentage of C. difficile infections occur during or after antimicrobial therapy?
Select answer A. 15 percent B. 30 percent C. 60 percent D. 90 percent

4. Which one of the following oral medications would be an appropriate component of medical treatment for a patient with a mild-to-moderate CDAD?
Select answer A. clindamycin B. metronidazole C. cephalosporins D. loperamide

Article 3: Application of a Dental Adhesive Using the Self-Etch and Etch-and-Rinse Approaches: An 18-month Clinical Evaluation 

1. Which group had the highest retention rate after 18 months?
Select answer A. OS2 group (etch-and-rinse, with two coats of adhesive) B. OS4 group (etch-and-rinse, with four coats of adhesive) C. TY2 group (self-priming etchant, with two coats of adhesive) D. TY4 group (self-priming etchant, with four coats of adhesive)

2. Which group had the lowest retention rate after 18 months?
Select answer A. OS2 group (etch-and-rinse, with two coats of adhesive) B. OS4 group (etch-and-rinse, with four coats of adhesive) C. TY2 group (self-priming etchant, with two coats of adhesive) D. TY4 group (self-priming etchant, with four coats of adhesive)

3. Which group had the highest rate of marginal discoloration at 18 months?
Select answer A. OS2 group (etch-and-rinse, with two coats of adhesive) B. OS4 group (etch-and-rinse, with four coats of adhesive) C. TY2 group (self-priming etchant, with two coats of adhesive) D. TY4 group (self-priming etchant, with four coats of adhesive)

4. Which group had the highest rate of postoperative sensitivity at 18 months?
Select answer A. OS2 group (etch-and-rinse, with two coats of adhesive) B. OS4 group (etch-and-rinse, with four coats of adhesive) C. TY2 group (self-priming etchant, with two coats of adhesive) D. TY4 group (self-priming etchant, with four coats of adhesive)

Article 4: Using a Caries Activity Test to Predict Caries Risk in Early Childhood 

1. Which one of the following is the lowest 18-month caries activity score associated with a 2-year-old caries prevalence of 10 percent or greater?
Select answer A. 1.0 B. 1.5 C. 2.0 D. 2.5

2. Which one of the following is the lowest 18-month caries activity score associated with a 3-1/2-year old caries prevalence greater than 30 percent?
Select answer A. 1.0 B. 1.5 C. 2.0 D. 2.5

3. Which one of the following is the lowest 2-year caries activity score associated with a 3-1/2-year old caries prevalence greater than 40 percent?
Select answer A. 1.0 B. 1.5 C. 2.0 D. 2.5

4. Which one of the following items from the questionnaire was significantly related to the caries experience of 18-month old children?
Select answer A. Do you check and brush your child’s teeth? B. How many times a day does your child ingest sucrose-containing foods? C. Do you determine the total time of your child’s sucrose-containing food intake? D. Does your child continue to breast-feed or drink liquids other than water through a bottle?

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