Article 1: The Effects of Orthodontic Therapy on Periodontal Health: A Systematic Review of Controlled Evidence 

1. Which one of the following correctly states a finding from the randomized controlled trial that the authors reviewed?
Select answer A. Mean pocket depth was 1.5 millimeters less for the treated group. B. Mean number of bleeding sites was approximately the same for the treated group. C. Mean number of bleeding sites was 40 percent greater for the treated group. D. Mean pocket depth was 1.5 mm greater for the treated group.

2. In the review of cohort and cross-sectional studies, what was the difference in mean amounts of alveolar bone loss?
Select answer A. 0.13 mm greater for the treated group B. 1.10 mm greater for the treated group C. 0.51 mm less for the treated group D. 1.73 mm less for the treated group

3. What difference in mean pocket depth was noted in the review of cohort and cross-sectional studies?
Select answer A. 0.23 mm deeper for the treated group B. 0.98 mm deeper for the treated group C. 1.43 mm deeper for the treated group D. 1.38 mm less for the treated group

4. What difference in mean amount of gingival recession was noted in the review of cohort and cross-sectional studies?
Select answer A. 0.03 mm greater recession for the treated group B. 0.42 mm greater recession for the treated group C. 0.23 mm less recession for treated group D. 0.72 mm less recession for the treated group

Article 2: The Myth of Instant Orthodontics: An Ethical Quandary 

1. What is the estimated mean thickness of enamel on the cervicofacial surface of a maxillary central incisor 1 millimeter coronal to the cementoenamel junction?
Select answer A. 0.31 mm B. 0.59 mm C. 0.88 mm D. 1.03 mm

2. What do the authors report is considered the minimal thickness possible at the midfacial aspect of a stackable porcelain veneer?
Select answer A. 0.3 mm B. 0.4 mm C. 0.5 mm D. 0.6 mm

3. Where is dentin most likely to be exposed when a tooth is prepared for a porcelain veneer restoration?
Select answer A. cervical and midfacial areas B. proximal and midfacial areas C. midfacial and incisal areas D. cervical and proximal areas

4. Each of the following was described by the authors as requiring considerable compromise when treating with porcelain veneer restorations except which one?
Select answer A. interproximal space resulting from anterior tooth size discrepancy B. gingival gaps resulting from recession on adjacent teeth with divergent roots C. uneven interproximal papillae of rotated teeth D. interdental papilla that are not level and are less than 5 mm in length

Article 3: Pulpalgia Contributing to Temporomandibular Disorder–like Pain: A Literature Review and Case Report 

1. Approximately what percentage of patients referred for temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain is reported to have pain resulting from pulpalgia?
Select answer A. less than one percent B. two to three percent C. five to six percent D. seven to nine percent

2. Each of the following symptoms should alert practitioners that a patient’s TMD-like pain might result from pulpalgia except which one?
Select answer A. pain increased by drinking hot or cold liquids B. pain increased by lying down C. pain wakes the patient from sleep D. pain has a dull or burning quality

3. Which type of tissue is least commonly affected by sensory nerve convergence?
Select answer A. muscle tissue B. joint tissue C. tooth pulp D. cutaneous tissue

4. When an irritating substance is placed on a dental pulp, each of the following is observed except which one?
Select answer A. astrocyte cell activation B. microglia cell activation C. decrease in masticatory muscle electromyographic activity D. production of central sensitization

Article 4: Extirpation of the Primary Canine Tooth Follicles: A Form of Infant Oral Mutilation 

1. Which one of the following is believed to be the motivation for the form of infant oral mutilation (IOM) described in the case report?
Select answer A. part of a religious ceremony celebrating birth B. cosmetic effort to enhance appearance C. attempt to treat or prevent fever and diarrhea D. effort to hasten eruption of teeth

2. Which primary teeth were directly affected by the form of IOM described in the case report?
Select answer A. molar B. canine teeth C. lateral incisors D. central incisors

3. What percentage of children 4 years or younger assessed at a hospital in northern Uganda were reported to have undergone IOM?
Select answer A. 10 percent B. 20 percent C. 30 percent D. 40 percent

4. What was the average age of the patients seen as a result of complications of IOM in northern Uganda between 1992 and 1998?
Select answer A. five months B. 10 months C. 12 months D. 18 months

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