Article 1: Fluoride Supplements, Dental Caries and Fluorosis: A Systematic Review 

1. What change in the mean number of decayed, missing, and filled primary tooth surfaces was observed for the two-year-old children receiving fluoride supplementation in a Chinese city?
Select answer A. no significant difference from the control group B. 13.6 percent lower than the control group C. 29.7 percent lower than the control group D. 47.2 percent lower than the control group

2. In an early study of children older than six years, what was the percentage decrease in caries increment for permanent teeth among those who received the intervention?
Select answer A. 41 percent B. 53 percent C. 62 percent D. 67 percent

3. What was the percentage reduction in caries incidence after 7.5 years for permanent teeth developing during a long-term study of children using chewable fluoride tablets?
Select answer A. 17.4 percent B. 26.3 percent C. 31.7 percent D. 45.9 percent

4. What odds ratio for development of fluorosis was reported for children who used fluoride supplements during the first two years of life?
Select answer A. 2.3 B. 6.7 C. 10.8 D. 17.7

Article 2: Palatine Rugae and Their Significance in Clinical Dentistry: A Review of the literature 

1. At what point of prenatal development does the rugae pattern typically develop?
Select answer A. three to four weeks B. five to seven weeks C. eight to 11 weeks D. 12 to 14 weeks

2. Based on the Lysell classification system, what is the typical length of secondary rugae?
Select answer A. 1 to 2 millimeters B. 2 to 3 mm C. 3 to 5 mm D. 5 to 6 mm

3. Which one of the following terms is used to describe a ruga that forms a definite ring?
Select answer A. annular B. papillary C. crosslink D. unification

4. When only the rugae tracings from dental stone casts were used in postmortem identification, what percentage accuracy was reported by Jacob and Shalla?
Select answer A. 54 percent B. 62 percent C. 79 percent D. 86 percent

Article 3: Immune Function Effects of Dental Amalgam in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial 

1. What was the mean number of surfaces restored during the course of the study for children in the amalgam group?
Select answer A. 8.7 surfaces B. 11.3 surfaces C. 13.5 surfaces D. 16.1 surfaces

2. What was the mean level of urinary mercury excretion for children in the amalgam group at year 5 of the study?
Select answer A. 0.49 micrograms of mercury per gram of creatinine B. 0.63 µg mercury/g creatinine C. 0.85 µg mercury/g creatinine D. 0.91 µg mercury/g creatinine

3. What percentage of children in the composite group had detectable levels of urinary mercury in year 5 of the study?
Select answer A. 11 percent B. 22 percent C. 33 percent D. 42 percent

4. At which one of the following time points did monocytes in the amalgam population exhibit significantly reduced responsiveness?
Select answer A. five to seven days postbaseline B. six months postbaseline C. 12 months postbaseline D. 60 months postbaseline

Article 4: The Caries Experience and Behavior of Dental Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder 

1. What percentage of patients in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) group had a positive dental caries history?
Select answer A. 52.8 percent B. 68.1 percent C. 88.4 percent D. 92.7 percent

2. What was the median decayed, missing and filled tooth score for patients in the ASD group?
Select answer A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

3. Overall, what association between ASD and caries was observed?
Select answer A. Patients in the unaffected group were 30.5 percent less likely to have a positive caries history than were patients in the ASD group. B. Patients in the unaffected group were 70 percent less likely to have a positive caries history than were patients in the ASD group. C. Patients in the ASD group were 30 percent less likely to have a positive caries history than were patients in the unaffected group. D. Patients in the ASD group were 70 percent less likely to have a positive caries history than were patients in the unaffected group.

4. What percentage of patients in the ASD group were receiving medication to treat associated features of autism?
Select answer A. 29.2 percent B. 35.5 percent C. 47.3 percent D. 60.4 percent

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