Article 1: The Impact of Polyol-Containing Chewing Gums on Dental Caries: A Systematic Review of Original Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies 

1. What was the pooled prevented fraction (PF) using the random-effects model for studies in group I, comparing xylitol-containing chewing gum with no chewing gum?
Select answer A. 10.71 percent B. 20.01 percent C. 52.82 percent D. 58.66 percent

2. What was the pooled PF using the random-effects model for studies in group II, comparing xylitol-sorbitol–containing chewing gum with no chewing gum?
Select answer A. 10.71 percent B. 20.01 percent C. 52.82 percent D. 58.66 percent

3. What was the pooled PF using the random-effects model for studies in group III, comparing sorbitol-containing chewing gum with no chewing gum?
Select answer A. 10.71 percent B. 20.01 percent C. 52.82 percent D. 58.66 percent

4. What was the pooled PF using the random-effects model for studies in group IV, comparing sorbitol-mannitol–containing chewing gum with no chewing gum?
Select answer A. 10.71 percent B. 20.01 percent C. 52.82 percent D. 58.66 percent

Article 2: Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias: A Review and Implications for Dentistry 

1. Which one of the following is not consistent with a diagnosis of cluster headache (CH)?
Select answer A. pain duration of up to eight hours per attack B. ipsilateral autonomic symptoms C. migrainelike symptoms D. cessation of headache with indomethacin treatment

2. Which one of the following is not consistent with a diagnosis of paroxysmal hemicrania?
Select answer A. pain duration of up to eight hours per attack B. ipsilateral autonomic symptoms C. migrainelike symptoms D. cessation of headache with indomethacin treatment

3. What percentage of patients with short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing report experiencing pain localized to teeth?
Select answer A. 17 percent B. 21 percent C. 28 percent D. 31 percent

4. In a study of 33 patients with CH, what percentage received some form of invasive and irreversible dental procedure as their treatment?
Select answer A. 12 percent B. 22 percent C. 32 percent D. 42 percent

Article 3: A Survey of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgeons’ Tobacco-Use–Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Intervention Behaviors 

1. What is the approximate annual cost of tobacco–related deaths and disease in the United States?
Select answer A. $25 billion B. $75 billion C. $150 billion D. $700 billion

2. What percentage of all responding oral and maxillofacial surgeons reported that they gave cessation assistance to tobacco-using patients at least 51 percent of the time?
Select answer A. 21.9 percent B. 38.1 percent C. 56.4 percent D. 62.8 percent

3. What percentage of all respondents indicated that they were “very or quite” confident in their ability to help patients stop using tobacco?
Select answer A. 19.3 percent B. 23.2 percent C. 28.7 percent D. 32.6 percent

4. What percentage of respondents with training in treating tobacco dependence believed that most patients would be receptive to offers of this treatment?
Select answer A. 19.7 percent B. 26.2 percent C. 34.9 percent D. 41.1 percent

Article 4: The Efficacy of A Highly Concentrated Fluoride Dentifrice on Bovine Enamel Subjected to Erosion and Abrasion 

1. What was the duration of each erosion challenge in the study?
Select answer A. one minute B. two minutes C. three minutes D. four minutes

2. What was the pH of the erosion challenge solution?
Select answer A. 2.1 B. 2.6 C. 3.3 D. 3.9

3. Which one of the following groups of samples was associated with the lowest mean amount of wear in this study?
Select answer A. placebo with erosion only B. placebo with both erosion and abrasion C. 5,000 parts per million fluoride with erosion only D. 5,000 ppm fluoride with both erosion and abrasion

4. Which one of the following groups of samples was associated with the highest mean amount of wear in this study?
Select answer A. placebo with erosion only B. placebo with both erosion and abrasion C. 5,000 ppm fluoride with erosion only D. 5,000 ppm fluoride with both erosion and abrasion

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