Article 1: The Effect of Saliva on Dental Caries 

1. Which one of the following increases with the duration of saliva stimulation and is of greatest importance in increasing the pH of plaque?
Select answer A. protein B. bicarbonate C. magnesium D. phosphorus

2. In a study of children in Puerto Rico, what percentage decrease in the incidence of caries was observed for the chewing gum group after three years?
Select answer A. 2.9 percent B. 4.6 percent C. 7.9 percent D. 9.3 percent

3. When white-spot lesions were included, what was the percentage reduction in new carious lesions among children in Hungary who chewed sorbitol-containing gum for two years?
Select answer A. 5.7 percent B. 12.6 percent C. 25.2 percent D. 33.1 percent

4. In a clinical trial of different chewing gums, which children had significantly fewer carious lesions than the children who did not chew any gum?
Select answer A. only those chewing sorbitol-containing gum B. only those chewing xylitol-containing gum C. those chewing either sorbitol- or xylitol-containing gum but not the control gum D. those chewing the control gum, the sorbitol-containing gum and the xylitol-containing gum

Article 2: Salivary Flow Patterns and the Health of Hard and Soft Oral Tissues 

1. Which one of the following sites typically has the lowest percentage of parotid saliva in stimulated whole saliva?
Select answer A. buccal maxillary molars B. lingual mandibular molars C. buccal maxillary incisors D. lingual mandibular incisors

2. What is the average rate of unstimulated salivary flow?
Select answer A. 0.1 to 0.3 milliliters per minute B. 0.3 to 0.4 mL/minute C. 0.8 to 0.9 mL/minute D. 1.1 to 1.3 mL/minute

3. When salivary flow is at an average rate, what is the predicted clearance half-time for extraneous substances?
Select answer A. 2.2 minutes B. 3.7 minutes C. 4.3 minutes D. 5.9 minutes

4. What is the critical pH for demineralization of teeth?
Select answer A. between 2.5 and 3.0 B. between 3.5 and 4.5 C. between 5.5 and 6.5 D. between 7.5 and 8.5

Article 3: Maintaining the Integrity of the Enamel Surface: The Role of Dental Biofilm, Saliva and Preventive Agents in Enamel Demineralization and Remineralization 

1. Which one of the following components of saliva disrupts bacterial cell walls and leads to bacteriolysis?
Select answer A. amylase B. lysozyme C. lactoferrin D. lactoperoxidase

2. Which one of the following types of bacteria lessens the effects of cariogenic bacteria by raising dental biofilm pH?
Select answer A. Streptococcus sobrinus B. Streptococcus mitis C. Streptococcus sanguinis D. Streptococcus gordonii

3. When Streptococcus mutans colonization occurred by two years of age, what was the mean number of decayed, missing, and filled primary tooth surfaces reported at 4 years of age?
Select answer A. 2.8 B. 4.1 C. 8.9 D. 10.6

4. When maternal concentrations of S. mutans were 103 colony-forming units per milliliter of saliva or less, what rate of transmission to infants was observed?
Select answer A. 2 percent B. 6 percent C. 13 percent D. 29 percent

Article 4: Measuring Salivary Flow: Challenges and Opportunities 

1. Which one of the following salivary gland types contributes the least amount to total saliva volume?
Select answer A. parotid glands B. submandibular glands C. sublingual glands D. minor salivary glands

2. What is the approximate normal daily production of saliva?
Select answer A. 0.25 to 0.5 liters B. 0.5 to 1.5 L C. 1.0 to 2.0 L D. 2.0 to 2.5 L

3. Which one of the following salivary gland types produces primarily serous secretions?
Select answer A. parotid glands B. submandibular glands C. sublingual glands D. minor salivary glands

4. When collecting unstimulated whole saliva, over what period should the sample
Select answer be collected? A. one minute B. three minutes C. five minutes

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