Dental Informatics Specifications and Technical Reports
ADA Technical Report No. 1004—Computer Software Performance for Dental Practice Software: 2004
A checklist of features and functions helps the dentist determine specific requirements and their priorities. Characteristics of specific systems are then compared to these specific needs to rank the available choices. The report has also been updated to reflect increasing sophistication in the industry such as the charting interface of the clinical workstation. This specification will also be updated to reflect the growth of web-based systems (ASPs) and dental specialty requirements.
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ANSI/ADA
Specification No. 1000—Standard Clinical Data Architecture
for the Structure and Content of an Electric Health Record: 2001 (Reaffirmed 2006)
On February 2, 2001, the ANSI/ADA 1000 for the Standard Clinical Data Architecture for the Structure and Content of an Electronic Health Record was approved by as an American National Standard. The standard includes the following parts:
Part 1000.0 Introduction, Model Architecture, and Specification Framework
Part 1000.1 Individual Identification
Part 1000.2 Codes and Nomenclature
Part 1000.3 Individual Characteristics
Part 1000.4 Population Characteristics
Part 1000.5 Organization
Part 1000.6 Location
Part 1000.7 Communication
Part 1000.8 Health Care Event
Part 1000.9 Health Care Materiel
Part 1000.10 Health Services
Part 1000.11 Health Service Resources
Part 1000.12 Population Health Facts
Part 1000.13 Patient Health Facts
Part 1000.14 Health Condition Diagnosis
Part 1000.15 Patient Service Plan
Part 1000.16 Patient Health Service
Part 1000.17 Clinical Investigation
Part 1000.18 Comments Subject Area
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ANSI/ADA Specification No. 1001—Guidelines for the Design of Educational Software: 2002 (Reaffirmed 2006)
This document was approved as an American National Standard by ANSI on August 29, 2002. The purpose of the Guidelines is to promote quality in educational software. They do so in two ways. First, developers can use them to ensure that their products are of high instructional quality during development and evaluation of their products. Second, end users can compare educational software programs with the Guidelines to recognize quality products. For the second goal, the authors have derived validated rating instruments for use by instructional design experts and software end users. The Guidelines are also not domain-specific. Despite the fact that they have been developed in a dental standards committee, they are purposely conceived and formulated to be general. Thus, the Guidelines are applicable to any domain, not just the dental or medical one.
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ADA Technical Report No. 1006—Infection Control for Dental Information Systems: 2000 (Reaffirmed 2004)
This Technical Report is intended as a working document to assist in developing standards for infection control guidelines for dental informatics devices and equipment. Dental informatics equipment and devices consist of the computerized clinical information systems used in dentistry. Devices are those items intended for intraoral use and include digital radiographic equipment, intraoral camera and microscope systems, periodontal probing devices, occlusal force analysis systems, pulp testers, apex locators, and intraoral printers. Equipment is used to support these devices and includes foot controls, headsets, keyboards, pointing devices, and computers and other peripheral hardware such as printers, scanners, CD players, and monitors. This report addresses infection control issues related to the devices and equipment used in dental informatics and is based on the existing infection control protocols related to dental patient care. Devices and equipment used in patient treatment areas should be designed or be able to be adapted to allow appropriate infection control protocols which prevent patient cross-contamination as well as the introduction of environmental infectious agents into the operative site.
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ADA Technical Report No. 1010—Accounting Performance for Dental Information Systems: 2002
This technical report consists of a Chart of Accounts for Computerized Dental Accounting Systems. The purpose of this report is to define the basic accounts used for dental accounting in the computer-based environment and propose guidelines for use in standards formation.
The Chart of Accounts for Computerized Dental Accounting Systems was developed to provide dentists with improved information on which to base management decisions and facilitate tax preparation. This chart of accounts is to aid in the dissemination of financial information to both internal and external users.
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ADA Technical Report No. 1012—Hardware Recommendations for Dental Information Systems: 2002
Computer hardware requirements for dental offices can vary widely due to the large array of high-tech devices available. Recommendations are divided into two categories:
A Dental offices where only patient management software, accounting, spreadsheet and/or word processing software is used.
B Dental offices where high-tech products such as digital x-ray, computer-based intraoral video imaging (intraoral cameras) and/or cosmetic imaging are used.
These recommendations are designed to promote standard computer hardware and devices as opposed to proprietary, closed systems, which will most likely increase cost of ownership over time. Purchasing industry standard hardware also allows the most freedom of choice in choosing both a supplier and service provider, who will be able to maintain the computer hardware over its useful lifetime.
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ADA Technical Report No. 1016—Electronic Signature Applications in Dentistry: 2002
In the area of health information, both privacy and security are significant concerns. Privacy refers to the right of individuals to control access to personal information. Security refers to the tools put in place to enforce privacy and protect information systems. While these problems are not new, or unique to electronic systems, the potential for abuse and the visibility of the issue is raised as records move from paper to electronic forms of collection, storage and use.
This paper provides the dentist information on electronic/digital signatures—their history and development, and how they apply to dentistry to provide authentication, non-repudiation, confidentiality and data integrity for electronic healthcare transactions, electronic mail and attachments.
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ADA Technical Report No. 1017—Administrative Procedures and their Application in Dentistry: 2002
Congress mandated security and privacy rules as part of the HIPAA legislation. This occurred because storing and transmitting protected health information in an electronic format exposes it to risks that do not exist, or are lessened, when health information is in paper form. The development and implementation of administrative procedures are necessary to insure the requirements of privacy are met. These guidelines provide a tool for developing policies, procedures, and best practices to assist the dentist in establishing security and privacy.
The report provides the dentist information on Administrative Procedures for Security and how they apply to dentistry to provide for policies, procedures and practices dealing with the behavioral side of the security and privacy standards. These guidelines recommend health information security and privacy mechanisms and strategies.
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.ADA Technical Report No. 1018—Technical
Security Mechanisms and Their Application
to Dentistry: 2005
This report discusses requirements for small practices to ensure
transmission security to protect the integrity data sent over
the Internet and to authenticate the data received.
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ADA Technical Report No. 1019—Technical Security Services and Application to Dentistry: 2003
Today there is an increased risk of inadvertent or deliberate disclosure of Individually Identifiable Health Information in heath care information systems. Security standards are increasingly being dictated in regulation and legislation, imposing external compliance responsibility on health care. Securing health care information in a reasonable and scaleable manner can be achieved by applying policies and procedures designed to cover four major areas of information management. These areas are Administrative Procedures, Physical Safeguards, Technical Security Services and Technical Security Mechanisms. Use of an Electronic Signature is suggested to insure that authentication and non-repudiation requirements of Security are met in a standardized manner.
Congress mandated security and privacy rules as part of the HIPAA legislation. This occurred because storing and transmitting protected health information in an electronic format exposes it to additional risks that do not exist, or are lessened, when health information is in paper form. Securing patients’ protected health information also protects their privacy and enhances the dentist’s reputation for professionalism and trustworthiness.
The scope of this paper is to focus on those requirements for meeting the challenge of maintaining privacy and security of Individually Identifiable Health Information using Technical Security Services. These processes are put in place to protect information and to control and monitor individual access to information.
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ADA Technical Report No. 1020—Physical Safeguards and Applications
to Dentistry: 2003
This technical report provides the dentist
information on physical safeguards to guard data integrity, privacy,
confidentiality, and availability and how they apply to dentistry
to provide for assigned security responsibility, media controls,
physical access controls, and policy/guideline on workstation use,
secure workstation location, and security awareness training. The
requirements and implementation features for physical safeguards
are presented in a matrix of this proposed rule. This documentation
is to be made available to those individuals responsible for implementing
the safeguards and to be reviewed and updated periodically.
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ADA Technical Report No. 1021—Data Integrity,
Redundancy, Storage and Accessibility: 2005 This report presents options available to prevent data loss and
corruption, maintain data integrity and maintain and restore
access to data. It also discusses appropriate contingency plans
in emergency situations for recovery and authentication of the
data as well as accessing the information.
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ADA Technical Report No. 1023—Implementation
Requirements for DICOM in Dentistry: 2005 This report provides a technical specification based on the DICOM
version 3 Standard as it applies to dentistry with the goal of
increasing interoperability between digital radiographic systems.
It lists the components required for intraoral and extra-oral
digital radiography.
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ADA Technical Report No. 1027—Implementation Guide for ANSI/ADA
Specification No. 1000: 2003
With this implementation guide vendors,
developers and other users can efficiently and economically build
clinical databases and data systems from the ANSI/ADA 1000 Specification.
This implementation guide shows how to migrate the data model components
in the specification to a functioning data system, including how
to optimize these models.
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ADA Technical Report No. 1029—Digital Photography: 2004
The focus of this Technical Report is to provide basic information
on the use of digital photography in dentistry and to help facilitate:
1). The appropriate selection of the necessary equipment; 2). Consistent
communication between concerned parties with and interoperability
of digital images and the information the contained therein. The
information provided will address the digital imaging needs of
the various dental specialties, the general dental practitioner,
other health care providers, the patient and any interested third
parties such as insurance carriers, prosthetic and pathology laboratories.
These discussions take into consideration the interoperability
requirements to insure proper identification, exporting and importing
of the image and database management of the image. To capture a
quality digital image is not enough- the image has to have proper
and standardized labeling of what it contains (the structures that
are visible in the image) and the necessary DICOM descriptors of
what, how and when it was captured.
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ADA Technical Report No. 1031—Internet Security
Issues for Dental
Information Systems: 2004
The Scope of this Technical Report is to create security awareness
and education for the dental practitioner associated with a connection
to the Internet. The Internet has proven to be an effective means
of communication, yet its vulnerability to interception raises
issues of privacy, authentication and integrity of the communicated
message. Therefore, data security is of utmost importance to users
of dental information systems
Because of the personal and private nature of health record, the
dental practitioner needs to understand the security issues associated
with "data at rest" and "data in transit." This
paper is intended to explain security concepts and the risks associated
with the maintenance of data in storage and transit, and over an
Internet connection.
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ANSI/ADA Specification No. 1039—Standard Clinical Conceptual Data Model: 2006
The purpose of this document is to develop and present a shared understanding of the structure and content of data needed to support healthcare processes. This conceptual model forms the foundation for more detailed data representations in clinical information and the structure and content of data presented in the various types of electronic health and patient records.
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ADA Technical Report No. 1041—Content of Electronic Laboratory Prescriptions: 2006
The scope of this technical report is to present the types of data and electronic format necessary to create an electronic dental laboratory prescription. Another goal of this report is to create security awareness and education for the dental practitioner associated with electronic dissemination of patient information offsite to the outsourced dental laboratory.
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ANSI/ADA Specification No. 1047—Standard Content of an Electronic Periodontal Attachment: 2006
The purpose of this standard is to develop uniform content requirements for documentation to be included in an electronic periodontal attachment. An attachment is separate from the original claim submission transaction. Attachment documentation specified in this standard will enable claims adjudication for various periodontal procedures.
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