All HPI Publications

State of the U.S. Dental Economy: Q 1 2026

National trends in dental care use, dental insurance coverage, and cost barriers (PDF) Data report

HPI Perspectives: Migration of U.S. dentists across state lines, 2019-2024

Migration of U.S. dentists across state lines, 2019-2024 (PDF)

Migration of U.S. dentists across state lines, 2019-2024 (XLSX)

HPI Perspectives: We have a major dental hygienist shortage. It's unlikely to go away soon.

Missouri oral preventive expanded function dental assistant pilot project (PDF)

An Early Look at the Effects of the 2022 Dental Loss Ratio Ballot Initiative in Massachusetts. Have Dental Insurers Increased Prices for Dental Services? Journal article

Dental industry predictions for 2026 Podcast recording

National dental expenditures, 2024

Geospatial access to oral health care in Virginia Journal article

Early association of expanded Medicare dental benefits to dentist billing in Medicare Journal article

Dental care in Medicaid programs

Financial incisors: Cutting through the effects of private equity on dentistry market dynamics and care delivery Journal article

Lessons in macroeconomics: How recession-proof is the dental sector? Journal article

Trends in dentists' income, revenue and hours worked

Using data to leverage policy (PDF) Magazine article

A new path to ownership Magazine article

Home county not always a predictor of where dental school graduates locate (PDF) Research brief

The U.S. Dentist Workforce - 2025 update (PDF)

The next generation of dentistry Magazine article

Supply of Dentists in the U.S.: 2001-2024 (XLSX)

Survey of Dental Practice: Selected 2024 results (XLSX)

Distribution of Dentists by Practice Size and Dental Support Organization (DSO) Status, 2024 (XLSX)

State-level costs of removing fluoride from community water systems (PDF)

In-state first year students at U.S. dental schools, 1974 to 2024 (PDF) Infographic

Practice ownership trends in dentistry: A new look at old data 

Medicare Advantage dental benefits: comprehensive coverage available in fewer than half of US counties Journal article

Make America Healthy Again: What it could mean for oral health Journal article

Why investing in oral health is good for the economy Recording

Medicare Advantage dental benefits In 2025: Steady improvement or more of the same? Journal article

Economic Outlook and Emerging Issues in Dentistry Q1 2025 Dentist panel results

U.S. dental school characteristics (PDF) Infographic

U.S. first year dental student characteristics (PDF) Infographic

What happens if the adult Medicaid dental benefit goes away? (PDF) Research brief

Confidence crisis? Dentists weigh in on the 2025 economy Magazine article

We are in the midst of a major generational transition in dentistry Journal article

Benefit design and access to dental care among seniors with Medicare Advantage dental benefits Journal article

Workplace factors associated with job satisfaction among dental hygienists and assistants in the United States Journal article

Availability of dental benefits within Medicare Advantage plans by enrollment and county Journal article

Trends in U.S. dental schools (PDF) Infographic

International students in U.S. dental schools (PDF) Infographic

Predoctoral dental education programs: curriculum format, content and experiences (PDF) Infographic

Methods used by dental schools to assess competencies for CODA standards (PDF) Infographic

Distribution of clock hours of instruction in dental schools by class year (PDF) Infographic

Dental school grads and advanced program enrollment by gender (PDF) Infographic

Understanding the gaps between adult Medicaid beneficiaries and dentists Webinar

Barriers to dental care among adult Medicaid beneficiaries: a comprehensive analysis in eight states (PDF) Research brief

Dentist perceptions of adult Medicaid beneficiaries’ attitudes toward oral health (PDF) Research brief

Percentage of dentists and dental practices affiliated with private equity nearly doubled, 2015–21 Journal article

Kamyar Nasseh on the growing role of private equity in dentistry Podcast

How do dental practices respond to changes in scope of practice regulations? Journal article

The economic rationale for a global commitment to invest in oral health White paper

Economic impact of dental offices in the United States  Data report and state fact sheets

Practice ownership among dentists continues to decline (PDF)

Dental workforce wages and job counts Tableau dashboard

Value-based care in dentistry: is the future here? Journal article

An oral health crisis: identifying and addressing oral health disparities (PDF) Senate testimony

Dental hygiene education program characteristics (PDF) Infographic

Dental assisting education program characteristics (PDF) Infographic

Dental hygiene student characteristics by type of sponsoring institution (PDF) Infographic

Dental assisting student characteristics by type of sponsoring institution (PDF) Infographic

A closer look at disparities in earnings between white and minoritized dentists Journal article

State of the dental economy: Q3 2022 update Webinar

Dental workforce shortages: Data to navigate today's labor market (webinar)

Dental workforce shortages: Data to navigate today's labor market (PDF) Research report

Who goes into postgraduate dental training and what do they do after? Webinar

Practice patterns of postgraduate trained dentists in the United States Journal article

Trends in postgraduate dental training in the United States Journal article

Dentists who participate in Medicaid: Who they are, where they locate, how they practice Webinar

US dental health care workers’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic Journal article

Dentists who participate in Medicaid: Who they are, where they locate, how they practice Journal article

Dental student withdrawals and not promoted rates, 1990 to 2020 (PDF) Infographic

The 2021 report on oral health in America: Directions for the future of dental public health and the oral health care system Journal article

The effect on dental care utilization from transitioning pediatric Medicaid benefits to managed care Journal article 

The changing dentist workforce Webinar

Demand for restorative dental care varies by patient age Research brief (PDF)

COVID-19 vaccine intention and hesitancy of dental hygienists in the United States Journal article (PDF)

Infection prevention and control practices of dental hygienists in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study Journal article (PDF)

Employment patterns of dental hygienists in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: an update Journal article (PDF)

The staffing shortage is limiting dentistry's recovery. Now what? Journal article

Time for dental care to be considered essential in US health care policy Journal article

Trends in advanced dental education programs in the U.S.:

General practice residency (PDF)

Advanced education in general dentistry(PDF)

Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics(PDF)

Periodontics(PDF))

Endodontics(PDF)

Prosthodontics(PDF)

Pediatric dentistry(PDF)

Dental public health(PDF)

Oral and maxillofacial surgery(PDF)

Oral and maxillofacial radiology(PDF)

Oral and maxillofacial pathology(PDF)

Data-driven insights on Medicaid dental care programs: new research from HPI Webinar

Comparative analysis of dental procedure mix in public and private dental benefits programs Journal article

Dentist participation in Medicaid: how should it be measured? Does it matter? Research brief (PDF)

How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect dentist earnings? Research brief [PDF]

How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect dentist earnings? Webinar

Estimating the impact of Medicaid expansions on dentist supply Research brief (PDF)

Making the case for dental coverage for adults in all state Medicaid programs White paper (PDF)

Making the case for dental coverage for adults in all state Medicaid programs Webinar

COVID-19 Among Dentists in the United States: A 6-Month Longitudinal Report of Cumulative Prevalence and Incidence Journal article

Estimating the cost of introducing comprehensive adult Medicaid dental benefits in Florida Research brief (PDF)

Elevating dentistry through diversity Journal article

Racial and ethnic mix of dental students in the U.S. Infographic (PDF)

Dental care utilization among the U.S. population, by race and ethnicity Infographic (PDF)

Cost barriers to dental care among the U.S. population, by race and ethnicity Infographic (PDF)

Employment patterns of dental hygienists in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic Journal article (PDF)

COVID-19 prevalence and related practices among dental hygienists in the United States Journal article (PDF)

Does preventive care reduce severe pediatric dental caries? Journal article

Pricing in commercial dental insurance and provider markets Journal article

Emergency department visits for dental conditions - a snapshot Infographic (PDF)

Estimating the cost of introducing comprehensive adult Medicaid dental benefits in Hawaii Research brief (PDF)

Estimating the cost of introducing comprehensive adult Medicaid dental benefits Virginia Research Brief (PDF)

Oral health trends for older Americans Journal article

The effect of the great recession on the demand for general oral health care and orthodontic care Journal article

Main barriers to getting needed dental all relate to affordability Research brief (PDF)

Could dentists relieve physician shortages, manage chronic disease? Research brief (PDF)

Medicaid expansion and dental benefits coverage Infographic (PDF)

Multiple opioid prescriptions among privately insured dental patients in the United States Journal article

Opioid prescribing practices from 2010 through 2015 among dentists in the United States Journal article

Our dental care system is stuck: and here is what to do about it Journal article

Why we need more data on the dental insurance market Journal article

Opioid prescribing by dentists Infographic (PDF)

The relationship between education debt and career choices in professional programs Journal article

Income inequality in the United States and its potential effect on oral health Journal article

The gender pay gap in medicine, law and dentistry Webinar

Trends in the earnings gender gap among dentists, physicians and lawyers Journal article

Time to talk about the gender gap in dentist earnings Journal article

How big are dental service organizations? Webinar

Geographic access to dentistry State fact sheets

Measuring what matters - a new tool to help assess geographic access to Medicaid dentists in every state Journal article

Recent trends in the market for oral surgeons, endodontists, orthodontists, periodontists, and pediatric dentists Research brief (PDF)

Trends in fees and reimbursement rates for the most common procedures in endodontics, periodontics, prosthodontics, and oral surgery Research brief (PDF)

Geographic access to dental care varies in Missouri and Wisconsin Journal article

Estimating premium and out-of-pocket outlays under all child dental coverage options in the federally facilitated marketplace Journal article

Does California project the future of dentistry? Journal article

Dental care presents the highest level of financial barriers Journal article

Do dentists from rural areas practice in rural areas? Journal article

Dentist earnings were stable in 2015 Research brief (PDF)

U.S. dental spending up in 2015 Research brief (PDF)

Time to rethink dental “insurance” Journal article

Where is dentistry going? Journal article

Dental benefits coverage increased for working-age adults in 2014 Research brief (PDF)

Dental care utilization steady among working-age adults and children, up slightly among the elderly Research brief (PDF)

The “de-aging” of the dentist workforce Journal article

Oral health and well-being among seniors in the United States Infographic (PDF)

Recent trends in the market for endodontics Research brief (PDF)

Why are payment rates to dentists declining in most states? Journal article

An analysis of dental spending among adults with private dental benefits Research brief (PDF)

Oral health and well-being in the United States State fact sheets

Considering large group practices as a vehicle for consolidation in dentistry Research brief (PDF)

Physicians dissatisfied with current referral process to dentists Research brief (PDF)

Is the number of Medicaid providers really that important? Journal article

The per-patient cost of dental care, 2013: a look under the hood Research brief (PDF)

Dental care within accountable care organizations: challenges and opportunities Research brief (PDF)

The relationship between periodontal interventions and health care costs and utilization. Evidence from an integrated dental, medical and pharmacy commercial claims database (PDF) Journal article

Simple indicators for projecting short-term dental market fluctuations Journal article

Solving dentistry’s ‘busyness’ problem Journal article

Practice settings and dentists' job satisfaction Journal article

What the ADA can learn from the NBA Journal article

Dental care in accountable care organizations: insights from 5 case studies Research brief (PDF)

Rethinking dentist shortagesJournal article

Of lawyers, lattes and dentists Journal article